Utopia And The Tempest By William Shakespeare - 1368 Words

Utopia and The Tempest In Shakespeare is last play, the Tempest, originality is shown in the different settings and themes within the story. Within the Tempest, there is a world of imagination and illusion that challenges readers to look beyond reality and the world of non-existence, not existence. Through the play a utopia what can be found. It is something that many characters when they are on the island throughout. Within the tempest and Utopia, many differences and similarities between the social, political, and religious values on the island are shown through how the characters in both Utopia and The Tempest coexist with each other. Within â€Å"The Tempest† and â€Å"Utopia† many differences and similarities between the social, political and religious values on the island are shown through how the characters in both books as they coexist with each other. Utopia was written by Thomas More. More talks about the views that are produced from social and political conditions on the Island. Utopia was a society that had no wars, no hate, and no crimes, while the community remained happy and in check. A utopian society would not even exist if evil nature was brought into the society. Utopia is told in two different accounts, â€Å"it is dominated by Raphael’s account of the extraordinary island which he visited on his travels, so dominated in the fact that people sometimes discuss the work as if it consisted simply [in] Book Two† (More XV). From within Utopia, there was a thought thatShow MoreRelated Portrayal of Utopia in The Tempest by William Shakespeare Essay examples1227 Words   |  5 PagesUtopia in The Tempest In The Tempest, Shakespeare allows the audience to appreciate the possibilities of utopian society, the good, and bad, so that they can understand the problems that the pursuit of a utopian environment may cause. The Tempest is a window into the dimensions of utopian societies. Shakespeares play portrays the good and the evil sides of the perfect life. While his characters take on the role of the leaders of the utopian societies, Shakespeare portrays the socialRead More Utopia - The Impossibility of Perfection Essay example1686 Words   |  7 PagesUtopia - The Impossibility of Perfection The latter end of [this] commonwealth forgets the beginning. ?William Shakespeare, The Tempest From Platos The Republic to Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto, the search for a perfect social state has never stopped; its ultimate goal of achieving a human society that exists in absolute harmony with all due social justice, however, has proved to be woefully elusive. The pure concept of a utopia can be theoretically visualized as a perfect geometricRead More Portrayal of Utopia in The Tempest Essay example1652 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayal of Utopia in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Tempest, Shakespeare allows the audience to appreciate the possibilities of utopian society and whatever this may posses.   Being the good, and bad so that they can see that problems can arise in such a society. The Tempest can be thus seen as a window into the dimensions of utopian societies. While his characters take on the role of the leaders of the utopian societies, Shakespeare uses his creation to portray the social questions and beliefsRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1705 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Mr. Nath 5 December 2014 The Tempest Written between 1610 and 1611, The Tempest by William Shakespeare is the final play penned by the famous Bard. The play portrays the illusory struggle of power and conscience through the character of Prospero and his egocentric motives. Politically, the play can be seen as an analysis of important political issues relevant to that of oppression and imperialistic tendencies of the time. Artistically, The Tempest emphasizes the nature of art, more prominentlyRead MoreLord Of The Flies And The Tempest1303 Words   |  6 PagesExplore the struggle/desire/theme of power and how it is presented in ‘Lord of the Flies’ and ‘The Tempest’. In the novel ‘Lord of the Flies’ by William Golding and ‘The Tempest’ by William Shakespeare, power is a main theme throughout both texts. Both represent microcosm of outer society at the time the text was written. In Lord of the Flies it was a time when the world’s dominant countries were struggling for power over Germany which was known as the Cold war. The capitalist American’s wantedRead MoreThe Idea Of A Perfect Society, Or Utopia, By Sir Thomas More880 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of a perfect society, or â€Å"utopia,† was first introduced in Sir Thomas More’s book Utopia, written in 1516. In the book, More described a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean through the character Raphael. On the island everything and everyone has a specific place and purpose. There is no private property, all of the houses on the island are the same; you can walk in the front door, through the house, and out the back door. All necessary items are stored in warehouses, where people onlyRead More Conflict and Harmony in The Tempest Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and Harmony in The Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare describes a utopic world saturated with supernatural images and ideas which works to create the mysterious island where The Tempest takes place.   This is one of Shakespeares best examples of how a natural harmony reveals itself through the actions of discourse and confusion.   To illustrate this idea best one must examine the historical context upon which The Tempest is based.   Because this play was published in the early 1600sRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1351 Words   |  6 Pagescritique rank’s Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ as one of the most preeminent and descriptive plays addressing the role of colonial power and conquest in literature. One of Shakespeare’s last plays, ‘The Tempest’ explores the direct parallel between the working proletariats and wealthy bourgeois. Therefore the focuses of this paper are the implications of hegemony and class alienation, the commoditization of human subclasses, and the commonalities with â€Å"The Tempest† and Shakespeare’s life. The analysisRead MoreOpposition between Art and Reality in Shakespeares The Tempest1062 Words   |  5 PagesOpposition between Art and Reality in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tempest is a self-reflexive play that explores the boundaries of art and reality. Shakespeares island is a realm controlled by the artist figure; where the fabulous, the ideal and the imaginative are presented as both illusory and palpable, and where the audience is held in an indeterminate state, a strange repose. The juxtaposition of the world of art with political and social realities explored by representative charactersRead More tempnature Duality Between Nature and Society in Shakespeares The Tempest813 Words   |  4 PagesDuality Between Nature and Society in The Tempest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   One of the essential themes of The Tempest is the duality between nature and society.   This is made evident through the character of Caliban: the disfigured fish-like creature that inhabits the island upon which the play takes place.   Caliban lacks civility because he was born on the island deprived of any social or spiritual morality other than nature and instinct.   He is literally man untamed.   Caliban is not monstrous simply

Purpose of Education Free Essays

The purpose of education is to give to the body and to the soul all the beauty and all the perfection of which they are capable. † – Plato †¢ â€Å"Education is preparation to live completely. † – Herbert Spencer †¢ â€Å"A complete and generous education fits a man to perform justly, skillfully, and magnanimously all the offices, both public and private, of peace and war. We will write a custom essay sample on Purpose of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now † – John Milton †¢ â€Å"Education seeks, by social stimulus, guidance, and control, to develop the natural powers of the child, so as to render him able and disposed to lead a healthy, happy, and morally worthy life. – Sully †¢ â€Å"Education is the preparation of the individual for reciprocal union with society; the preparation of the individual so that he can help his fellow-men and in return receive and appreciate their help. † – W. T. Harris †¢ â€Å"Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. † – Malcolm Forbes †¢ â€Å"It is in fact a part of the function of education to help us escape, not from our own time — for we are bound by that — but from the intellectual and emotional limitations of our time. † – T. S. Eliot †¢ â€Å"Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another. – G. K. Chesterton †¢ à ¢â‚¬Å"Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom. † – George Washington Carver †¢ â€Å"Education is the process by which one mind forms another mind, and one heart, another heart. † – Jules Simon †¢ â€Å"A complete education ought to preserve the pupil’s bodily health and strength, and give him command over his mental and muscular powers, increase his quickness and sharpness of perception, form in him the habit of prompt and accurate judgment, lead to delicacy and depth in every right feeling, and make him inflexible in his conscientious and steadfast devotion to all his duties. – Thomas Hill †¢ â€Å"Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. † – Robert Frost †¢ â€Å"The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives. † – Robert M. Hutchins †¢ â€Å"Education is not to reform students or amuse them or to make them expert technicians. It is to unsettle their minds, widen their horizons, inflame their intellects, teach them to think straight, if possible. † – Robert M. Hutchins †¢ â€Å"Education must enable one to sift and weigh evidence, to discern the true from the false, the real from the unreal, and the facts from the fiction. † – Martin Luther King, Jr. †¢ â€Å"We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character–that is the goal of true education. The complete education gives one not only power of concentration, but worthy objectives upon which to concentrate. † – Martin Luther King, Jr. †¢ â€Å"Education then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel of the social machinery. – Horace Mann †¢ â€Å"An education isn’t how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. It’s being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you don’t. † – Anatole France †¢ â€Å"He who opens a school door, closes a prison. † – Victor Hugo †¢ â€Å"The illiterate of the future will not be the person who cannot read. It will be the person who does not know how to learn. † – Alvin Toffler †¢ â€Å"Education is an ornament in prosperity and a refuge in adversity. – Aristotle How to cite Purpose of Education, Essay examples Purpose of Education Free Essays string(206) " critically of educational institutions in her article entitled â€Å"Formulating new criteria for teacher candidate selection† because of their lack of teaching the correct methods that best help students\." John Travolta Earl Sullivan Writing 121 28 February 2013 The Right Path When I first started school I did not understand the purpose of my education. I saw it as another thing I was forced to do. All children are forced to go to school and I think that because we have no choice our childhood image of education ends up blurry. We will write a custom essay sample on Purpose of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Generally when people are forced to do something against their will they develop a lack of motivation for the activity. I think this explains why many kids in elementary schools have decided that school is a waste of time and that they don’t enjoy it. Since children are required to attend school up until age 16 in the U. S. many kids don’t realize how lucky they are to be participating in a free education. Young people in other parts of the Earth have to pay thousands of dollars if they want to become educated. These people pay for their education because they understand how much it can positively benefit their lives. I wish I had learned earlier that education is the most important tool for survival. In Earl Shorris’ article entitled â€Å"In the Hands of the Restless Poor† he explains that rich people have been educated by the humanities and the poor people in his class weren’t. Shorris believes that with education in the humanities the students in his class will begin to understand that learning is their best tool for survival, not guns or knives. The purpose of education is surrounded by the need for survival. Over the course of human history many new practices of medicine have been developed. It is essential that people be educated in how to stop bleeding from a wound or how to give someone the heimlich maneuver. If for whatever reason humans need to gather food in the wilderness it is important to know which food is okay to eat and which is poisonous. Many people who are not educated develop obesity because they don’t care about the information they might have heard about the risks of eating unhealthy items like fast food and products containing high fructose corn syrup. Shorris believes that education is essential for helping people get out of poverty. Shorris explains that people who are educated in the humanities have gained leverage over the people who haven’t. I mean that with education in the humanities the people in his class were able to become political. Political in this context means understanding how to communicate with other people for mutual or singular benefit. The people with political minds know how to communicate during an interview so they have a much higher chance of receiving that job. Learning how to be political can help a students experience in school. These students are not embarrassed to ask questions when they don’t understand assignments. I think that Shorris is teaching his readers how to have the confidence to ask teachers, adults, and peers questions. With the ability to ask questions people are able to learn more from their educators because when people are first introduced to a new concept it is difficult to completely understand the idea. The only way to fully comprehend is by asking the right questions. Shorris teaches us that education should be the key to getting out of an impoverished lifestyle. From learning how to ask questions lifelong learners are able to learn even more from their education. Asking questions can clarify understanding and help people understand the full concept. I agree that education should be used as a way to escape from poverty. The only problem with education being an escape route from poverty is that it takes a lot of time and effort before people see any results. Some people in poverty might not see any changes in their lives, money wise, until much later after they graduate from college. Since many teenagers don’t want to wait ten or fifteen years until they graduate from college they turn to gang life. They see gang life as a way to be able to support themselves and their family quickly. The problem with gang life is that the members become trapped by a surround of force. This means that once they are a gang member they have a rough time quitting their gang and adjusting back to civilian life. This is unlike the force that Shorris speaks about relating to being poor because many gang members have lives of luxury. It is related to Shorris’ idea because I imagine that being in a gang is like being on another planet. The gang members see no alternative lifestyle to gangs because many of them will be killed if they try to leave. If gang members leave their gangs they don’t know any alternative to making money besides crime and they have trouble fitting back into society. If they managed to collect any profit from drug money they won’t be able to use most of it because it will be linked to a drug organization. Even though gang life may seem like a shortcut to a rich lifestyle, it will actually take much longer than an education because of the dirty money, chances of a prison sentence, and the high risk of death. With an education, people are able to learn about the world and what it takes to be wealthy without the risk of a person overdosing on heroin that you sold them. For example one might learn in school about non-profit organizations and devote their lives to helping other people get on the right path to success. Earl Shorris made an effort to recruit top notch teachers for his Clemente Classroom. His class was well organized but without great teachers he feared that his students would not benefit from the teaching. He was very fortunate that these teachers decided to volunteer their time. Carol Stevens talks very critically of educational institutions in her article entitled â€Å"Formulating new criteria for teacher candidate selection† because of their lack of teaching the correct methods that best help students. You read "Purpose of Education" in category "Papers" She complains that institutions develop requirements that makes them look better in the public eye, instead they need to develop curriculums that focus on proper techniques that can help individual students more than the collective group. Stevens is focusing on a rush of new teachers being hired in the year 2000, but her article can relate to any hiring process that teaching administrators go through. It is important that we have some of our brightest minds in our country being teachers. A sad fact is that a majority of our very intelligent citizens do not pursue a teaching career because of the low wages. Since we don’t have the smartest of smart being enrolled in teacher education programs at universities, Stevens writes that our programs need to be even more precise so that our incoming teachers fully understand how to positively change their student’s lives. When it boils down to the, basics it is the teacher’s responsibility to educate their students. Whether a teacher succeeds or fails at making a difference depends on the techniques they learned in college. An incorrect teaching method would be an educator who treats their students like they are fused together as one person. Educators like this don’t think about individual students and different methods of teaching. A poor educator will teach one method to the whole class and be surprised when numerous students don’t understand the concepts. Due to poor teacher training a teacher might believe that the problem lies in their student’s intelligence instead of their teaching methods. It t is an educators job to teach the students that education is a key part of survival. It should not be forgotten that no matter how great of an education a teacher has or the advanced teaching methods they use, students in their class will not learn anything if they don’t listen and work hard. It is also every individual’s responsibility to understand that we will not learn if we are not motivated to absorb information. Stevens argues that school districts hiring teachers, and institutions accepting people as education majors have different requirements for being accepted and she says this is a problem because they are viewed as dangers to the overall skill of teachers in America. If we have teachers that aren’t prepared to be teachers then no student will be able to see what education can do for them. Education is supposed to be a ticket to survival. That ticket will not help you if the pilot does not know the proper way to fly the plane. Education should be a key to survival for us and Stevens goes one step further into this theory by making the point that America needs more higher quality teachers if we want our educational system to play an even bigger role in helping our citizens find success. Stevens does not like how only forty-three states in America require potential teachers to take a licensing test. She wants all fifty states to require a test so incoming teachers can prove the knowledge they’ve learned. Stevens believes that teachers are the main people who have the responsibility of educating us and that it is their duty to properly educate us. She believes that an important method of educating students is being able to communicate verbally with them. I think that verbal communication is important because face to face conversations gives students an opportunity to be more personal with their teachers and once a more personal relationship is created, a student will have ask more questions and become motivated to listen to what their teachers have to say. Stevens discusses the advantages of having an organized lesson plan. Without a termly lesson plan a teacher will not be able to properly educate their students because they didn’t plan their class time correctly. With a lack of time, the students will not have a chance to fully understand the more complicated ideas in the classroom. Stevens believes that education needs to be appropriate for age and grade level. This is a problem that many new educators encounter during their first few years of teaching especially if they have chosen to be an elementary teacher or middle school teacher. Proper teaching instruction must be developed by teachers so that the age level they are teaching is able to understand what is going on. If teachers know how to become more personal with their students, have organized lesson plans and use those lesson plans for the age group they are teaching, then education becomes a ticket to survival for their students. With these proper teaching methods the students will be able learn at a good rate and become successful productive members of society. Shorris had great teachers in his Clemente Class and I think if he accepted worse teachers half of the original sixteen people who graduated from the class would have failed the class. I think that recruiting great teachers into that field of employment will help our intelligence as a nation because I believe that a student can become motivated to learn with the help of an educator who invests their time in their students life. I remember in fourth grade I didn’t have very much motivation to excel but when I got to fifth grade a great teacher named Mrs. Kenyon helped me become a better student by being strict. She was strict meaning she cared if we didn’t do our work, she wanted us to excel. She brought out the best student in me by making me work really hard to get the good grades that I wanted. I carried this work ethic through middle school, and picked it back up in college when I began understanding how important my education was. Mrs. Kenyon taught me that education is my ticket to survival, my shot at a life with endless opportunities. If Mrs. Kenyon hadn’t been taught how to communicate with her fifth grade students so well over the course of her life I don’t think that I would have been able to pick up the pieces of my life that I broke during high school. When I had motivation to become educated, I was able to realize how much potential I had. She showed me how much potential I have as a student and as a person. Now in my college days I am learning many things from my new teachers. I don’t think I would understand these great college facts if I hadn’t learned about the knowledgeable rewards I receive when I work hard on my school work. Mrs. Kenyon taught me about the rewards because she learned how to be a great teacher in school. I believe Mrs. Kenyon is the teacher that Carol Stevens is drawing a picture of in her article. How to cite Purpose of Education, Papers

Physical and Mental Health Functioning-Free-Samples for Students

Question: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Gender in Influencing Mental Well-Being among 18-60 age categories of Colombo Suburbs. Answer: Introduction The concept of Albert Banduras self-efficacy is linked with judgments that individuals make concerning their capacity to exhibit conduct applicable to a particular errand or circumstances. It alludes to the confidence in ones capacity to act in such a route or to deliver a desirable outcome (Bandura, 1977). Self-efficacy has various sorts of effects on how individuals feel, think and act. Self efficacy relates to hopeful conviction about having the capacity to adapt to an assortment of stressors. Self- efficacy is characterized as self-assessment of one's capability to effectively execute a strategy important to achieve wanted results. (Zimmerman, 2000) argues that it is a multi-dimensional construct that differentiates between demands (Siddiqui 2015). Selfefficacy pertains to optimistic belief about being able to cope up with a variety of stressors. People with high Self- Efficacy choose to perform more challenging and difficult tasks. Those who have low levels of Self-efficacy may brush with depression, anxiety and helplessness. People with high levels of self-efficacy on the other hand, approach life with a can do attitude that allows them to see challenges as problems to be solved instead of threats that must be avoided. They also set appropriately challenging goals for themselves and maintain a strong commitment to those goals. People with strong SelfEfficacy enjoy life because they are highly engaged. When they encounter stressful situations their belief in their ability to manage situations to their benefit allows self confidence (Siddiqui 2015). However, individuals feeling low levels of self-efficacy may be worried about discouragement, nervousness and weaknesses. They approach existence with a cant do mentality that causes them to consider difficulties to be dangers that one must maintain a strategic distance from rather than issues to be tackled and eliminated. High self-efficacy is identified with positive prosperity, direction of stress, higher confidence, better physical condition, as well as better adjustment to and recuperation from diseases says(Bandura, 1997; Bisschop, Knegsman, Beekman, Deeg, 2004; Kuijer de Ridder, 2003). In contrast, low self-efficacy is identified with more side effects of nervousness and depression (Faure Loxton, 2003; Kashdan Roberts, 2004; Shnek, Irvine, Stewart, Abbey, 2001) and additionallybrings down levels of Mental Well- Being(Barlow, Wright, Cullen, 2002; Bandura, Caprara, Barbaranelli, Gerbino, Pastorelli, 2003; Caprara, 2002). (Siddiqui 2015). Mental Well Being Mental Well Being is a subjective sentiment control joy fulfilment with life encounters ones part in the realm of work, feeling of accomplishment, utility ,belongingness, and no pain , areas or stress and so forth. It has been demonstrated that different variables influence adolescents level of mental well being. Mental well being to some degree is a pliant idea which is the sentiment individuals regular day to day existence exercises such emotions may go negative mental state or mental strains, for example, nervousness, articulation, disappointment ,passionate, fatigue ,misery, disappointment to a state which has been recognized as positive psychological wellness. (Bornstein, Davidson, Keyes, and Moore 2003) characterized prosperity as "the condition of fruitful execution for the duration of the life course incorporating psychical, psychological, and socio-emotional capacities that outcomes in. Mental well being is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential to cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (WHO,2017) There are existing gaps in local literature regarding the roles of self-efficacy and gender in enhancing psychological wellbeing. As well as in the current society it is evident that there are various problems based on education, in the work place etc, due to people being unhappy. Past studies have demonstrated a strong association between self-efficacy with factors such suicidal ideation, depression and others. These are the factors that govern ones mental well being. However, there have been limited studies done on how self- efficacy could act as a predictor of mental well being; therefore there is a little understanding about self- efficacy and mental well-being in the Sri-Lankan context. Objectives of the Study General Objective To determine the role of Self- Efficacy and gender in influencing Mental Well-Being among age category of 18 to 60 years in the Colombo suburbs. Specific Objective To determine the degree to which Self Efficacy and gender could predict Mental Well-Being among the age groups of 18 to 60 years in the Colombo suburbs. To determine the applicability of the two constructs, self- efficacy and mental well being in the Sri Lankan context. To describe some factors associated with mental wellbeing among the age groups years in the Colombo suburbs. Research Question Is there a relationship between self-efficacy and gender in influencing mental well being in adults? Hupothesis of the Study H1 (Alternate Hypothesis): There is a statistical significant interaction between self-efficacy and gender in influencing mental well being. H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no statistical significant interaction between self-efficacy and gender in influencing mental well being. Literature Review A literature review is a written argument that promotes a position by building a case from credible evidence based on previous research to address the research question at hand. It helps us analyze the current information available on a particular area of study, gathers questions that the research under scrutiny did not give answers to and also allows one to formulate the need and importance for extended study of research questions. A literature review is a journey made through an ongoing research and is done by first constructing the research question to be addressed. One then sifts through literature bodies for relevant articles and information and handles the results obtained to finally synthesize the research literature and write an assessment of this literature. In doing so, one gains an invaluable understanding of the study that gives deeper insight as you continue to rethink, refine and re-evaluate your review before presenting the final outcome (Guides.library.harvard.edu, 20 17). Mental Wellbeing Psychological Well-Being is a way of describing the important sides to human functioning varying from positive relationships, to feelings of competence, to having meanings and purposes of an individuals life (Diener et al, 2010). Mental wellbeing can also defined as a subjective feeling of containment happiness satisfaction with life experiences ones role in the world of work, sense of achievement, utility, belongingness, and no distress, sections or worry (Shek, 1997; SastreFerriere, 2000; VanWel, LinssenAbma, 2000). Mental well being is somewhat malleable concept which is the feeling of peoples everyday life activities such feelings may range negative mental state or psychological strains such as anxiety, expression, frustration, emotional exhaustion, unhappiness, dissatisfaction to a state which has been identified as positive mental health (Jahoda ,1958). As stated by Colvin, Randall and Block (1994), mental wellbeing is often referred to the process of adaptation in terms of extensive and inclusive mental growth. Doornbos, (2002) mentions that the mental health to a great extent is determined by the reality as because the reality is considered to be a critical component of the mental health. Therefore, the reality plays an important role in determining the mental wellbeing of the person (Achat, Helen, et al, 2000; Schore, 2001). It needs to be understand that this concept of reality being a major determinates of the mental wellbeing is only effective for the adolescent as because this is the age of growing (Lieberman and Alicia, 2004). The mental health is developed in this age as the result of being in close connection with the reality the wellbeing of mental health is immensely influenced by the same (Soysa, Champika and Wilcomb, 2015; Turner, Jay and Brown, 2010). Self efficacy and gender A recent study conducted in a Muslim community in India describes the gender as an essential perspective for investigation since, most males are thought to be unrivalled and while females are usually seen as inferior. Due to the stigma of women being inferior they may have found to have low self-efficacy than those men (Siddiqui 2015). The present investigation was carried out to study the impact of Self-efficacy on Psychological Well-being among undergraduate students. The sample consisted of 100 (50 Male and 50 Female) students selected from the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. In order to collect the requisite data, General Self-Efficacy Scale (S. Sud, Schwarzer and Jerusalum 1995) and mental Well-being (Carol Ryff 1989) was used to study the mentioned problem Simple Linear Regression was used analysis impact the self efficacy on mental well being among undergraduate students. The findings of the present study show that, correlation between Self-efficacy and Mental Well-being among Male students was found R = .596 and actual contribution of predictor variable to criterion variable was found to be 35.6% whereas among Female students correlation between Self-efficacy and Mental Well-being was found R = .551 and actual contribution of predictor variable to criterion variable was found to be 30.4%. Further t-test was applied and according, to the results Self-efficacy as well as Psychological Well-being of both groups, found to have an insignificant difference between Self- Efficacy of Male and Female students and a significant difference was found between Mental Well Being of both groups (Siddiqui, 2015) A study done in Poland explores the relationships between psychological variables/models such as health behaviors (HB), sense of coherence (SOC), level of optimism (LOO), and self-efficacy (SE) among college students. The random sample of 455 undergraduate students was taken from five different faculties. The results indicate statistically significant differences (p0.001) between these four variables: for example, the healthier health behaviours the stronger the sense of coherence, level of optimism and self-efficacy. It was also demonstrated that LOO, SOC, SE, and HB correlate with one another (Fergusson et al. 2005) Another research on the impact of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on the mental health was conducted in Kurukshetra University, India among 200 students (100 males and 100 female) (Gupta, Garima, and Kumar, 2010). In regard to this, it must be noted that the students were from arts and science background which was an appropriate and fine contextual background for understating the role of reality on the mental well-being. The result was significant in terms of identifying the different of the self-efficacy and emotional intelligence of the students of different streams in relation to the mental wellbeing. The result shows two results, one of which differentiate the mental health in terms of gender and other differentiates in terms of the reality. The first result shows that the mental health of male is better that the females in terms of self-efficacy as the values shows malefemale = 90.9781.35. on the other hand, the values for the total mental health marks malefemale = 159. 87149.91. Another result of the research shows that the mental health of the science and arts students does not significantly differ in terms of the self-efficacy. Self efficacy and mental wellbeing Self- efficacy has been observed to be connected with academic accomplishment and performances (Salami Ogundokun, 2009). People endeavor to feel good even when theyre aware of their own restrictions (self-acknowledgment), try to create and keep up warm and confide in interpersonal relationships (constructive relations with others), attempt to deal with their condition in order to address individual issues and desires(environmental mastery); also, people search for a sense self-assurance and individual authority (autonomy), discovering importance in one's endeavors and difficulties (reason in life); finally, people tend to look for their talents and limits (self-awareness) (Salami Ogundokun, 2009). Literature shows impacts of socio-demographic factors, for example, age and sex in the measurements of Psychological Well-Being (Clarke et al., 2000; Keyes Ryff, 1998; Marmot et al., 1998; Ryff Singer, 1996). Environmental mastery and autonomy tends to rise with age particularly from midlife to grown-ups (Ryff 1989). In contrast, it was discovered that that women of any age esteemed themselves higher on positive relations with others and personal growth. Psychological Well-Being and Self-efficacy have been appeared to foresee understudies' educational performances and achievement (Ryff and Singer 1996). In this, regard it needs to be mentioned that the early childhood of peoples life cycle plays a vital role in determining the mental health of them Umberson, Debra, et al, (1996). The initial days of childhood is important stage of developing the mental health of people. In accordance to Doornbos, (2002), it must be marked that most of the children tend to develop feminine mental heal th as due to the matriarchal take care of them. However, the boys break this feminine mental health and establish a masculine identity with the growth whereas the mental health of girls are encouraged. This process of growing up of the girls creates problems for them in their adulthood in terms of the separation from any of the close family members. However, in regard to impact of self-efficacy, many researchers provide evidence about, students who expressed high amounts of self-efficacy and mental well-being were roused to take an interest in important academic activities and to create uplifting mentalities that prompted accomplishment at school (Ozer and Bandura, 1990; Lyubomirsky, 2001; Khramtsova et al., 2007) and were high likely going to perform well in their academic goals (Zimmerman, Bandura, and Martinez-Pons, 1992). Besides, students who saw themselves as exceptionally proficient in school setting were likely going to create positive attitudes towards the learning of subjects. Students with high mental well being and life fulfillment were observed to be more adaptable, versatile, and effective in critical thinking and were more dedicated to their academic goal (Pajares and Schunk, 2001; Salami, 2010). An Italian study conducted in adolescents to analyze the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and psychological well-being in highly vs. lowly efficient students using the Generalized Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and the short version of Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) determine the positive relationships between GSES and PWB, especially with mastery, personal growth, and self-acceptance. For age, except for the autonomy, the highest scores of personal growth, relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance were obtained by 16yrs adolescents, while the lowest scores were reached by 14yrs and 18yrs adolescents. Results also showed that boys expressed greater GSES and PWB than girls specifically, mastery and self-acceptance again emphasizing the importance of the role of gender and self efficacy in influencing mental wellbeing. Additionally, highly efficient adolescents expressed higher scores in PWB, especially in mastery, personal growth, and self-acceptance, than lowly efficient ones. (Caroli and Sagone, 2014). The social-cognitive hypothesis, desires assume an essential part in forming conduct, objectives and general human functions. Both self-efficacy and optimism desires are identified with processing and wellbeing. High self-efficacy is connected, for instance, to the direction of the anxiety procedure, to higher self-esteem, better Mental Well-Being, better physical condition, better adjustment to and recovery from intense and chronic ailments (Bandura, 1997; Bisschop, Knegsman, Beekman, and Deeg, 2004; Kuijer and de Ridder, 2003). Literature shows that low self-efficacy is identified with more side effects of anxiety and depression (Faure and Loxton, 2003; Kashdan and Roberts, 2004; Shnek, Irvine, Stewart, and Nunnery, 2001), and to bring down levels of subjective well-being (Barlow, Wright, and Cullen, 2002; Bandura, Capr-ara, Barbaranelli, Gerbino, and Pastorelli, 2003; Caprara, 2002). At the same time, social integration and the social support has been connected with the mental hea lth. Umberson, Debra, et al, (1996), opines that social support positively is associated with the mental health of the people, the gender plays a significant role in differentiating the mental wellbeing and mental growth of the people, specially within the elderly people. However, Turner, Jay and Brown (2010) argues that the social support creates almost similar effects on both the women and men in terms of impacting the level of depression. For example, the married people tend to reflect better and stronger mental health compared to the widowed or divorced as because the key to social integration is missing for the latter groups. In regard to this, Cohen, Sheldon and Wills, (1985). mentioned that depression is one of the significant factors for the determination of the self-efficacy and accordingly the mental health. Hastings, Richard and Brown (2002) found from one research that the college students alone as well as in group exhibit depression when self-efficacy inversely predicts the same. However, Kawachi, Ichiro and Berkman (1985) marks that self-efficacy and gender do not contribute significant variance in the prediction of depression. Optimism has a relationship with health and wellbeing. Various research studies have discovered that optimism altogether predicts a few parts of mental well-being (Chang and Sanna, 2001; Diener, Oishi, and Lucas, 2003; Eid and Diener, 2004; Makikangas and Kinnunen, 2003). Optimism is contrarily identified with depressive symptomatology both in the all-inclusive community (Vickers and Vogeltanz, 2000) and in populations with different unending conditions, for example, cardio-vascular diseases (Shnek et al., 2001). Some of the scholars argues over the topic and they consider optimisms to be the marker for inadequate neuroticism and more generally negative emotion (Smith, et al., 1989; Colvin, Randall and Block, 1988). In accordance to this views, optimism can be associated with the mental health status as it exhibits a disposition which is free from cognition and negative emotions (Taylor and Brown, 1988; Scheier, Michael and Carver, 1985). It is likewise a noteworthy indicator of phys ical and mental working in patients experiencing different medicinal conditions (Carver et al., 1993; Fournier, de Ridder, and Bensing, 2002). Optimism has been observed to be connected to functioning and wellbeing both directly and indirectly that implies, e.g., of affectivity or self-esteem (Chang and Sanna, 2001; Symister and Friend, 2003). Apart from this, Positive thinkers appear to utilize more issue centred coping techniques and more powerful methods for emotional regulation, both of which add to better functioning (Taylor and Armor, 1996). Studies describes that social help is an associated factor for mental well being in addition to depression (Kahn, Hessling, and Russell, 2003; Mikulincer and Florian, 1998;Sayal et al., 2002). It is proven that people with more strong families or companions have a healthy wellbeing status and they recovery process is faster from medical issues, contrasted with people who are less socially coordinated (Hogan, Lin-cave, and Najarian 2002; Rhodes 2004). Social support appears to apply effect on wellbeing both specifically and in a roundabout way through certain cognitive systems, coping strategies, and health behaviours (Cohen and Wills, 1985; Davis and Swan, 1999; Wills and Fegan, 2001). Self-efficacy, optimism and social support have been consistently related to health and functioning. Considering the impact of self-efficacy on the mental health, the following study conducted in Greece tests specific hypothesis: self-efficacy expectations, as a representation of a capable self and perceived social support, as a representation of a helpful world, shape optimism which is an outcome expectation. Satisfaction with life and depressive symptomatology both served as indicators of well-being. Two Hundred and One individuals participated in the study. The hypothesis was tested through structural equation modelling. Six different models with optimism, self-efficacy and social support as possible mediators were consecutively tested and compared. According to only model that provided fit to the data, optimism partially mediates the relation of self-efficacy and perceived social support to well-being (Scheier, Michael and Carver, 1985). Optimism was predicted by daily emotional support and self-efficacy. The results showed that there is a significant difference between self -efficacy and depression; mental well being and depression; optimism has a partial relationship with self-efficacy; spirituality, self-efficacy, age, and gender significantly influenced psychological wellbeing (Karademas, 2006). According to the few studies on the self-efficacy and optimism as the impact of the same on the mental health of the people, it is suggested that the mental health outcomes are relatively sparse (Achat, Helen, et al, 2000). On the other hand, as stated by Taylor, Shelley and Brown (1988) there has been certain impact of the stressor on the optimism and further on the mental health. For example, one of the major stressor is illness which often produce additional stressor for the mental health such as the financial concerns, job loss and many others (Colvin, Randall and Block, 1994). Consequently, the level of optimisms is influenced by these primary as well as ad ditional stressors and eventually leads to the mental health breakdown (Soysa, Champika, and Wilcomb, 2015). A cross sectional study was conducted to measure whether coping self efficacy mediates between various distress related variables on the other hands (symptoms of depression), and the degree of psycho-social well being as measured on the upper end of the mental health continuum on the other hand. The study states that coping up with normal stressors in life do not have a good outcome/ result. Several factors such as culture, self-esteem, self efficacy are believed to play a role in coping stressors. In order, for the collection of data a cross-sectional survey design was conducted from four groups of participants. Two multi-cultural groups English proficient individuals were selected in order to conduct the study. Statistical analysis that was used to in order to measure the above measures were done through the descriptive statistical method. The results showed that coping self-efficacy mediated significantly between distress and wellbeing, although stressors also influenced the level of psychosocial wellbeing directly. Therefore, since the results show that there is a correlation between self-efficacy, distress and other factors it can be concluded that self-efficacy can be a predictor of mental well being. Several, limitations of the study were gathered. The student group was not random sampling, it was availability samples however, the results had the same effect (Wissing et al., 2011). A study conducted to examine the effects of self-esteem, psychological Well-Being, emotional self-efficacy and affect balance variables on happiness including 340 university students in Turkey. The relationships between the variables were examined via path analysis and came out positive and significant relationship between mental well-being, emotional self-efficacy and affect balance; and that mental well-being and affect balance have positive effects on self-esteem and happiness, emotional self-efficacy has a positive effect on self-esteem and that self-esteem has a positive effect on happiness. (Dogan, Totan and Sapmaz 2013). The following shows the relationships of all these variables were observed through the path analysis method, which was best described by a hypothesis model (Dogan, Totan and Sapmaz, 2013). Figure 1. Hypothesis model for the effects of Self-esteem, psychological well-being, emotional self-efficacy, and affect balance on happiness At this point when the hypothesis model of the study is analyzed, it is expected that there will be sure connections between Psychological Well-Being, emotional Self-Efficacy and effect balance and that these three factors will positively affect confidence and that moreover, psychological well-being, affect balance and confidence will have a positive effect on happiness. Another presumption is that emotional self-efficacy won't directly affect self-esteem; in any case it will indirectly affect happiness by method for self-esteem. While in the model it displays psychological well-being, emotional self-efficacy and affect balance are exogenous factors, self-esteem and happiness are endogenous factors. (Dogan, Totan and Sapmaz, 2013) As indicated by the outcomes, happiness has been emphatically and essentially related with psychological well-being, emotional self- efficacy, affect balance and self- esteem. Also, positive and noteworthy connections have been computed between psychological well- being and emotional self-efficacy, affect balance and self- esteem whereas positive and huge connections have been ascertained between affects balance and self-esteem. The significant relationship amongst these factors and the elevated amounts of internal consistency coefficients were acknowledged to be signifiers of adequacy for the pathway analysis and in this way the analysis was done.(Dogan, Totan and Sapmaz, 2013). On the other hand, the structuralist researchers argue that different structure of male and female in the society are linked with differ opportunities, demands ad constraints which are influential to the diverse relationships (Umberson, Debra, et al, 1996; Colvin, Randall and Block, 1994). Considering this f act, it can also be liked with the gender differentiations. For example, in terms of the social reward men and women are provided with different pays for the same role, which can be an influential factor for the mental wellbeing. Schore, (2001), states that, this can be the result for the men in possessing more confident than women in the same social context and for same responsibilities. Mental well-being, emotional self-efficacy and affect balance; and that mental well-being and affect balance have positive effects on self-esteem and happiness, emotional self-efficacy has a positive effect on self-esteem and that self-esteem has a positive effect on happinesshence, due to these studies have a correlation between one another this study is done to investigate and demonstrate whether there is a relationship between self-efficacy and mental well being. (Dogan, Totan and Sapmaz, 2013) Figure 2. Result of path analysis regarding the effects of Self-esteem, psychological well- being, emotional self-efficacy, and affect balance on happiness In result of the path analysis for the hypothesis model, it was resolved that there are noteworthy and positive connections between psychological well-being, emotional self-efficacy and affect balance and that psychological well- being and affect balance have positive results on self-esteem and happiness, emotional self efficacy has positive effects on self esteem and self esteem has positive effects on happiness. It was concluded as a result of path analysis that the ways amongst endogenous and exogenous factors are significant. (Dogan, Totan and Sapmaz, 2013) References: Achat, Helen, et al. "Optimism and depression as predictors of physical and mental health functioning: the Normative Aging Study."Annals of Behavioral Medicine22.2 (2000): 127-130. Cohen, Sheldon, and Thomas A. Wills. "Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis."Psychological bulletin98.2 (1985): 310. Colvin, C. Randall, and Jack Block. "Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation." (1994): 3. Colvin, C. Randall, and Jack Block. "Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation." (1994): 3. Doornbos, Mary Molewyk. "Family caregivers and the mental health care system: Reality and dreams."Archives of Psychiatric Nursing16.1 (2002): 39-46. Gupta, Garima, and Sushil Kumar. "Mental health in relation to emotional intelligence and self efficacy among college students."Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology36.1 (2010): 61-67. Hastings, Richard P., and Tony Brown. "Behavior problems of children with autism, parental self-efficacy, and mental health."American journal on mental retardation107.3 (2002): 222-232. Kawachi, Ichiro, and Lisa F. Berkman. "Social ties and mental health."Journal of Urban health78.3 (2001): 458-467. Lieberman, Alicia F. "Traumatic stress and quality of attachment: Reality and internalization in disorders of infant mental health."Infant Mental Health Journal25.4 (2004): 336-351. Scheier, Michael F., and Charles S. Carver. "Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies."Health psychology4.3 (1985): 219. Schore, Allan N. "Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health."Infant mental health journal22.1?2 (2001): 7-66. Smith, Timothy W., et al. "Optimism, neuroticism, coping, and symptom reports: An alternative interpretation of the Life Orientation Test."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology56.4 (1989): 640. Soysa, Champika K., and Carolyn J. Wilcomb. "Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being."Mindfulness6.2 (2015): 217-226. Taylor, Shelley E., and Jonathon D. Brown. "Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health."Psychological bulletin103.2 (1988): 193. Turner, R. Jay, and Robyn Lewis Brown. "Social support and mental health." (2010). Umberson, Debra, et al. "The effect of social relationships on psychological well-being: Are men and women really so different?."American sociological review(1996): 837-857.

Managing Harbor Staff

Abstract There are considerable amount of pressure in organizations to raise performance and productivity and current trends indicate that the masters need to redesign and reorganize personnel into working groups or teams working towards a common goal rather than the pupils working as individuals.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managing Harbor Staff specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teamwork assists in reducing cost, improving quality, and increasing productivity and satisfaction. The issue of employee performance has a strong basis upon organizational policies and procedures as opposed to only the leadership qualities. The nature of these rules or regulations helps in establishing the significance of a task and the importance of ensuring good results. Team leadership is integral to effective teamwork. As Addison (1996, 5) arguments, most important element of the team is a leadership role because it huge ly affects the team performance. According to Reid (1993, p. 91), leaders have the role of facilitating the behavioural change that assists in moulding individual trails into teams to achieve the set goals. In relation to the writing of Stott and Walker (1995, p. 16) it is necessary for a new senior leader to equip her/himself with necessary mechanisms, information and strategies of handling a new setting. Thesis Statement â€Å"Policies and procedures for employee management as opposed to self management† This paper is an analysis of the effect of implementing management policies and the procedures at a harbour, as well as their implication to future performance. It is an analysis of the employee behavioural patterns in relation to the style of management and lastly it analyzes the available perspectives into controlling performance. Objective/significance of the study The main objective of the paper focuses on implementation of Harbour policies and procedures with the aim o f enforcing employee performance and it is equally an analysis of the developmental problems associated with this style of management at a harbour. Another significance of the study focuses on the global approach towards harbour management. The paper also forms an analysis over other probable choices in the subject matter. Are masters utilizing the appropriate measures to enhance performance? The analysis of what determines good guidance over customer services. Lastly, the research addresses the issue of utilizing the new professionally suggested measures to enhance employee performance.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The procedure of the study The literature reviews will enable better understanding of the topic. Preparation of the research proposal over the chosen topic enhances and quantifies the research as a study topic and prepares for respondents. Information collected tabulates and ranks the findings to broad areas and helps to narrow the scope to the objectives of the study analysis. The analysis then draws the conclusion from generally analyzed data in the literature review. Purpose of the study The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the problem of employee performance to cover all customer needs and offer suggestions from the research on ways of reducing or eliminating this social problem. Literature review Duties of the Harbour Master This is the person responsible for implementation of reasonable and practicable Harbour Board’s policies. She/he participates to preparation of the policies, subject to the employees’ requirements as well as the board of director’s tasks besides ensuring proper follow-up. The master ensures all harbour systems are working properly and enhance the necessary safety standards. The responsibility extends to ensuring all the marine workers understand individual responsibilities for their personal interest and that of the co-workers. She/he ought to ensure systematic and accuracy of records inline with council procedures and this call for a bureaucratic role of encouraging the employees to actively get involved to meet performance requirements. The harbour’s board is responsible of all matters pertaining contracting but the master is in charge of the supervision. As a manager, the master ought to set proper example to the employees on all maters pertaining performance management as a good leader does so by example. She/he is equally entitled to keeping abreast of development of rules, regulations and any legal requirement regarding employees. Beside other major responsibilities, she/he is also in command of regulating marine operations under the Harbour Docks Acts. Policies and Procedures for Enhancing Harbour Employee Management Beside the performance procedures, there are various harbour policies such as those of safeguarding the information of emp loyees, ensuring their safety and privacy. Those governing performance entails:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Managing Harbor Staff specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ways of determining the employment related actions and obligations through evaluation to ensure competence over the assigned field. Having procedures to design, evaluate and administer compensatory and other human resource management programs. The need to have rule that enhance integration of employee upgrading, retraining and evaluation programs Ways of monitor and evaluate the conducts and performance of the employees Procedures for keep an eye on customer satisfaction possibly by availing ways of getting feedbacks from the clients regarding services rendered. Availing customer information, which is equally important for consultation regarding ones performance. This means that there should be measures of ensuring safe and accurate colle ction of such information. Ensuring employees’ performance is highly dependent on the working environment and therefore there ought to be policies to enhance security, safety and health of the employees. Policies to ensure proper, efficient, secure, flexible and accurate ways of data collection for instance availing business information such as those of potential customers, suppliers, contractors details, joint investors or business associates and employees performance details through the web for instance access. Ensuring existence of rules to govern maintenance of past and present business records regarding joint ventures or partners, suppliers, investors, potential customers, associates and employees Rules to govern auditing, financial records analysis, accounting and economical growth analysis procedures Regulations that facilitate the Harbour’s communications, negotiations, transactions, meetings or conferences and compliance with the legal obligations Precedence in policies and procedures Considering that, the regulations are standard and applicable in the case scenario where the new Harbour Master finds employees’ self-management procedures in which case some duties remain unattended, the new manager ought to prioritize the imperative policies or procedures to implement immediately. One of the most important policies regards performance. The increase of salary for the employees ought to be applicable, but the only bargain unit has its basis upon satisfied performance in terms of quality and quantity. The personnel policy and procedure committee determines the placement, eligibility for advancement in performance appraisal and are in charge of rating performance for satisfaction. Every employee is governed by expectations specified in the job contracts thus failure to meet demands or to manage the personal duties automatically is determined and reported as an underperformance. Freedom of the employees does not facilitate personal def inition and appointment of duties. Underperformance and negligence of duties assigned ought to suffer from penalties such as deductions of earnings or dismissal depending on the intensity. Proper policies and procedures should support the performance based analysis, which ought to dictate that, if the employee fails to meet the job requirement rating, then the worker should not advance to the next level of career table, until the time they are able to earn the performance appraisal showing the ability to meet job satisfaction. Insinuations for implementing policies and procedures to board and staff Capacity planning and control In employee management, capacity planning and control is an essential aspect. It entails the research techniques for addressing the issue of scheduling business applications, planning the allocation of resources, controlling performance through routing or queuing and having the problem solving techniques in place for various departments. (Vollmann et al, 38) The planning and controlling approaches include optimization techniques. The function in this approach is diminishing or maximization of business elements, to meet the least expenditure objectives within a constrained operating environment. A big problem is broken down to ease complexity and thus speeding up computation. A problem can decompose to allow efficiency in and ability to handle the uncertainties adequately. Secondly, dynamic approach allows the master to make decisions sequentially in a multi-stage pattern. A problem is recursively related to solutions to come up with most effective results or a conclusion. A complex problem can be decomposed to various sub-problems for individual employees to handle and the solution to one problem create a sequentially dependent framework such that the solution of a sub-problem emerges from the preceding solution meaning that the whole problem is one, broken into various parts but the preceding resolutions are independent of each other.A dvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sensitivity analysis The other approach to problem solving entails sensitivity analysis. The master has to analyze hypothetically, logically or substantially, the most important functions of the harbour. This must be the key element of the business that triggers major changes in the business performance and examines the most important factors for the revolution. The definition of this approach is a procedure of examining impacts over changes and their effects as outputs. (Dodds, 2008) One has to evaluate reasonable limits for change or the individual impact on other independent measures of business quality. This approach rarely features independent usage because it has the sole purpose of challenging other business points for optimal performance. Its main usage occurs after other approaches, to determine their viability or validity. Probability and risk analysis Lastly is the probabilistic and risk analysis approach. This represents a major departure from the main deterministic view . The analysis has a subjective basis on judgements made by the experts, business planners or analysts. The consideration entails correlations along with uncertainties to gauge cost and performance. (Carlberg, 24) Compared to deterministic or fixed-point approaches, the probabilistic approach offers additional information of chances and range sensitivity. Professionally suggested measures for enhancing employee performance These approaches entail some common techniques and the harbour master ought to base her/his decisions on the right method to implement, by checking on the primary functionality of optimisation or delineation of the differences in the approaches. They can also support their decisions on simulation based on the systems dynamics, analysis of scenarios, sensitivity and the probability of a risk. The last basis is upon decision analysis using various theoretic techniques. (Whetten, 32) The main aim of these approaches is to analyse uncertainties in the harbour such as risks to develop comprehensive understanding on demands and create awareness within the harbour. Measuring capacity entails finding the distinction between the inputs or output measures of capacity. The best approach therefore finds the real capacity that depends on the exact mix of activities to be undertaken. The effective capacity management is dependent on the disaggregate nature of the demand thus the reason for some adjustments to accommodate detailed planning. Creating and managing a performance management culture The main and frequently utilized measure of encouraging a performance culture in a firm entails methods of encouraging employees to question and seek guidance through departmental manages, workgroup heads human resource representatives or management. They should participate in decision-making and policy implementation procedures especially on matters concern with their performance requirements. Leadership styles and discipline are the key defining elements for creat ion and management of a performing culture. Organizational culture is the systematic procedures regarding performance of duties. It is the guide of the employees’ thoughts, actions and feelings. Policies and procedures are changes, decisions, agreements, commitments, creative ideas or plans focused upon a certain organization. Lack of proper management on this aspects or performance culture among employees’ means they become perplexed or stymie by some bureaucratic processes. The culture has its basis on discipline, which promotes the decision-making and direct accountability over performance. With such discipline, there are clear expectations and commitments. There has to be management proactive measures to block abstractions of performance such as rewards thus the employees are truly engaged in their duties. Today emphasis on discipline has overthrown ancient style of â€Å"command and control† to enhance recognition of clear boundaries over the lines of duty and flexibility over performance. Requirements for a disciplined and performing culture Openness and reliance: – Existence of a trustworthy environment promotes acceptance, honesty, free interaction, group work, sharing of ideas and comments. This means that the organization is able to derive talents that are more valuable and promote competence or success. Differences management: – A good working environment addresses conflicts and exposes the unfulfilled commitments. It provides alternatives and real opinions are encouraged. Focus and simplicity: – Good policies and procedures are clear and precise. They define the requirements and expectations that are result driven. The results are not mutually exclusive but interdependence. In such scenarios, change brings about positive results. Employees’ strengths: – The master should know and depend on the effectiveness and talents of the staff and has methods of eliciting them. This means that the employ ees focus more on learning and building on the strengths. Agility, confidence, speed and simplicity of the leader blend well with the technological leadership, financial and marketing ability to support the vision and mission of an organization. Creating a performance management culture in the case scenario is not as important as implementing. When asked what made their competitive advantage, Michael Dell of Dell Inc stated the direct business model but was quick to emphasize on its execution since it existed for years. (Reid Hubbell, 2005) Most people have the impression that a performing organization has highly hierarchical set of rules but it is not the case. The key determinants are clearly articulated strategies, disciplined personnel and clear core values. In implementing the performance management culture, the harbour master should enforce the following: Take and manage responsibilities by ensuring accountability of all the contributions by the employees to the success of the business. She/he should build consensus when required. Continuously and constantly analyzing the needs of the customers, employees and other partners to ensure optimal satisfaction Negotiating for clear expectations among employees in the aim of providing continuous feedbacks and guidance where required. Periodically appraising performance where it deserves as a measure to investing in evident talents and plan for required successions. Be reflective understand ones ambitions in order to guide others towards the same. A good manager seeks guidance over matters that may seem ambiguous or challenging and out of hand from the junior or senior co-workers. Adopt a leadership system that encourage coaching with the aim of providing support for coherence, collaborations, communication and required change within the organization. Providing measures that encourage and retains talent such as supportive and healthy cultures that helps to improve productivity, encourage innovation and levera ge existing performance spirit. Research indicates that most employees when given the chance would use it to explore better opportunities and demonstrate their competence. They are ready to learn and thus contribute more because they will be focusing on the best performance. They are in need of listening to respecting leader who is ready to support change and an environment that supports service excellence. The degrees of preference for these aspects are quite different among individuals but a common phenomenon among them. A master who is in a position to respond to these needs is able to enhance performance culture among them. The influences of human performance are interdependent and the combination gives the desired performance, therefore creation of a performance culture requires management of knowledge, feedback, motivation, recognition, skills, rewards, accountability and influence in the work environment. The benefits are for the individual, workgroup or the entire enterpris e. Conclusion Today integration of various approaches is in use at most harbours with the aim of meeting the unique specification of a certain demand and at the same time integrates all of them to function as a single unit without leaving some tasks unattended. Arguably, the best fitting approach to most harbours would be dynamic approach to solutions incorporated with sensitivity analysis. The objectives of this study were to establish policies and procedures and relate the effects on productivity, performance and interaction. Short term and long-term impact on company survival on all fronts is a likely cause for concern. To establish the most viable alternatives to the harbour performance entails either applying works sharing, communicating to employees about impeding tasks or engaging the employees in various duties without prior information. These are the viable alternatives for a newly appointed harbourmaster. This will help define company strategy and in adopting the most viab le methods of either to enhance employees’ performance level or work sharing as the best alternative. However, this research is not without limitations. Key among the limitations is the demographic diversity of employees, and political influences and consideration of environmental factors. In addition, company management may not divulge sensitive information for implementation of the policies. In addition, the likely impact on employees subjected to such kind of changes and the impact on productivity and company good will on a global scale. Works Cited Addison, B. Team dynamics. Melbourne: Nelson. 1996. Carlberg, Conrad. â€Å"Business analysis â€Å". (Second Ed) Que-Consumer-Other Series. Que Publishers, 2002. Dodds, B. Pandemic Planning and Business Continuity. 2008, March 31 Retrieved from https://ezinearticles.com/ Reid, Joanne Hubbell, Victoria, â€Å"Creating a performance culture† IVEY Management Services Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services London, Ont ario March/April 2005. Reid, H. Managing teams in the workplace. 1993 Retrieved from American Management Association Web site:  https://www.amanet.org/ Stott, K. Walker, A. Teams, teamwork and teambuilding. New York: Prentice Hall. 1995. Vollmann, Thomas. E., Berry, William L., Whybark, Clay. D. Editor. â€Å"Manufacturing Planning and control systems for supply chain management† The McGraw-Hill Publisher/Irwin series, 2005. Whetten, Kim. S., â€Å"Developing Management Skills† Pearson Education Publishers, 2002. This research paper on Managing Harbor Staff was written and submitted by user Mckenna Underwood to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Perception of Power essays

Perception of Power essays There is a remarkable difference in the way people raised with power and those raised without power are perceived. This difference provides striking tension between these two classes of people. This tension is illustrated in both Frederick Douglasss speech What to the slave is the Fourth of July? in Negotiating Difference, and The House of the Seven Gables. In The House of Seven Gables, it is implied that Clifford killed one of his fellow Pyncheons. However, due to his family having high stature and his cousin being a judge, he was simply sentenced to life imprisonment rather than death. The young man was tried and convicted of the crime; but either the circumstantial nature of the evidence, and possibly some lurking doubt in the breast of the executive, or, lastlyan argument of greater weight in a republic than it could have been under a monarchythe high respectability and political influence of the criminals connections, had availed to mitigate his doom from death to perpetual imprisonment. (7G, 26) Clifford ends up getting out of prison after spending thirty years locked away. The readers are not directly told that he was in jail; we must simply gather from the information given that the said young man in the quote is, in fact, Clifford. Without the connections that Clifford had, being a young man of opportunity, he would have undoubtably been either sentenced to death or life in prison. How he came to be released after merely thirty years is to anyones guess, but it is assumed that his so-called connections found a way for his early release. When Colonel Pyncheon died, he left a great fortune to his heirs. He also left somewhat of a legacy about a portion of land in Maine called Waldo County, where supposedly the Indians had sold him land. However, the documentation of this prophecy was nowhere to be found. His son had little of the power and ability he...

The Day My Dad Didnt Make it Home from Work - by Marianne Worley, Business Writing Consultant at The Essay Expert

The Day My Dad Didnt Make it Home from Work - by Marianne Worley, Business Writing Consultant at The Essay Expert [Reposted with the permission of the very talented business/marketing writer Marianne Worley, consultant at The Essay Expert. This poignant story was originally posted on her blog, Marketing Matters and Other Stories. I didnt even have to think before asking her if I could post it to The Essay Experts blog on Memorial Day.] The day was Monday, April 21, 2008. My phone rang just after 9pm. I checked the caller ID–it was my brother Nolan. Instinctively, I knew something was wrong, very wrong. My Dad had been in an accident and was being taken to a hospital about 20 miles north of my house. We didn’t know anything more. I quickly got dressed, jumped in my car, and hit the gas pedal. About 5 minutes later, my brother called again. Now Dad was being transported by helicopter to the much larger hospital just a few miles from my house. I got off the freeway and drove back the other way. My brother, sister-in-law, and I arrived at the hospital around the same time. The helicopter was still in flight, so we staked out seats in the busy emergency room to wait, still perplexed about what had happened to our Dad. After my stepmom and sister rushed in, we learned the whole story. My Dad usually came home from work around 5 or 6, so when it started to get dark and he still wasn’t home, my stepmom picked up the phone to make some increasingly frantic calls. My Dad was notorious for sporadically answering cell calls. As a contractor, he was constantly breaking and losing mobile phones. She wasn’t surprised when he didn’t answer, so she dialed his friends and clients. He had left the job site hours earlier, but no one knew where he was. My stepmom and sister decided to drive to the job site to look for him. They found his empty work truck on the side of the road with the driver’s side door open. They called 911 and nearby friends who could help with the search. There was a small creek parallel to the road with a steep bank covered in thick, muddy vegetation. My athletic sister charged down the hill and found him lying unconscious in the creek, pale and covered with dirt. The paramedics pulled him up on a rescue stretcher and loaded him into the helicopter. This process doesn’t take a few minutes, like it does on TV and in the movies. The rescue actually took more than an hour. The helicopter finally arrived, but still we knew nothing about his condition. We assumed it was a stroke, or something similar. When they finally let us in to see him, we discovered that he had suffered some sort of episode, possibly a seizure, and was experiencing pronounced weakness on one side of his body. It looked like a stroke, but he was stable. So they admitted him and scheduled an MRI for the next morning. The following day, the doctors confirmed that the MRI results showed that it looked like a stroke. We felt relieved. We knew a brain tumor would be a much more deadly diagnosis. But they still wanted to get a new MRI, with contrast, the next day to be sure. On Wednesday, April 23, 2008, our lives changed forever. The new MRI showed that it wasn’t a stroke–it was a brain tumor. They called in a neurosurgeon for a consultation. My education in neurology commenced that day. I carried a notebook at all times. I scribbled down details from the doctors during the day and did online research at night. Over the next 7 months, my Dad had a biopsy and was diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive form of brain cancer. Our doctor decided to treat with radiation and chemotherapy, not surgery. I knew that without surgery, the 6-month survival rate was almost zero. When I pressed him, he said he could do the surgery if we got a second opinion from one of the neurosurgeons he recommended. After many phone calls, I got an appointment with one of the top experts in the country at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles. The neurosurgeon just needed to see my Dad’s (now enormous) medical file, along with all of his MRI results. We got his opinion, and my Dad had surgery to remove the tumor. Although the surgery was successful, he still needed radiation and chemo to stave off regrowth, which is incredibly common. I researched clinical trials and spoke to doctors at UCLA and UC San Francisco. My Dad didn’t qualify for any trials and his prognosis was grave. By September, the tumor was back, bigger than before. We tried some experimental chemo drugs, but nothing helped. My Dad wasted away before our eyes, until we finally called in hospice care in November. On December 3rd, the hospice nurse told us that the end was near, so we gathered together to say goodbye. We stayed up pretty late, but finally succumbed to our own fatigue and reluctantly went to bed. Just before 4:30am, I awoke suddenly and sat bolt upright. I went downstairs and the nurse told me she had just checked on my Dad–he was still hanging in there. When I went to his bedside, I touched his hands and face. I didn’t think he was breathing, so I woke up my stepmom, who had decided to take a quick nap just minutes before. He was gone. We all gathered around his bed and cried again. A week or so later, my sister Whitney and I, always the Daddy’s-Little-Girl types, decided to get tattoos to celebrate our Dad’s life. She got an elegant â€Å"W† and I got an infinity sign with a â€Å"W† in the middle. Worley forever. My Dad was never called to battle in Vietnam, but that doesn’t mean he didn’t fight a war. So on this Memorial Day, I remember all who have fallen in war, including the continuing war on cancer. ____________________ I haven’t met anyone who hasn’t been touched in some way by cancer. The next time you’re thinking about making a cash donation to a charity, please consider one of the organizations in the fight against cancer, including the American Brain Tumor Association. Thanks for reading this very personal story. I’m sharing it because it shaped who I am today. Many thanks to my fellow blogger The JackB–his post from yesterday inspired me to write this. I haven’t met anyone who hasn’t been touched in some way by cancer. The next time you’re thinking about making a cash donation to a charity, please consider one of the organizations in the fight against cancer, including the American Brain Tumor Association. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinMay 31, 2011 8 Comments Nancy Anderson says: May 31, 2011 at 12:50 pm What a beautiful story. I too lost my dad to cancer and as I read your words, I could feel myself going through the same feelings, thoughts and anguish. God bless your father and your family. Thank you for sharing your story with us. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 1:55 pm Youre very welcome Nancy. This was Mariannes story. My father died 14 years ago after a week-long battle with pneumonia, so Mariannes piece spoke loudly to me. Im so glad it is being appreciated. Log in to Reply Alejandra Leiva says: October 6, 2016 at 10:43 am Hi The Essay Expert, I was wondering how I can submit a question about some words. Here I have one: Do we stand in the snow or on the snow? Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: October 6, 2016 at 11:12 am Hi Alejandra! If you are standing on top of the snow, in snow shoes or skis for instance, you would be standing on the snow. If you are waist-deep in snow you would be standing in the snow. Or if you are in a snowstorm you would be in the snow. I hope that helps! Log in to Reply Alejandra Leiva says: October 6, 2016 at 4:27 pm Awesome that helps a lot! Could you help me with another question? Which of these is correct? Or what do they mean? count with me count on me Brenda Bernstein says: October 22, 2016 at 6:54 am Count on me means you can rely on me. Count with me would mean something like count to 10 with me! The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 1:55 pm So true Pedro. Even a week-long battle, like the one my father fought, is a battle indeed. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 4:40 pm Thank you Jan. Its amazing how many this disease has touched. My heart goes out to you. Log in to Reply

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plagiarism - Essay Example In all institutions of higher learning especially the Universities, plagiarism is regarded as intellectual theft, and it carries with it stringent penalties and more so if it is done wilfully. The plagiarized article or paper submitted by the student would be declared null and of no importance and the student would be awarded an F grade. In other Universities around the globe, such students would be suspended or expelled from their faculties, but the degree of the penalty varies in relation to intent, from unintentional to pure intent respectively. Therefore, this involves blatant show of ethical misconduct that carries very serious consequence to the writer. There are several types of plagiarism, some of which may include copying of work’s without including the quotations as part of your own work or making minor changes without proper permission or acknowledgement, using pictures or photographs from the internet, rewriting your own work or using the phrases or lines of a song without proper acknowledgement (Epigeum n.d.). In order to avoid plagiarism, it is important to keep a good record of materials, resources, and references that one has used during the note-taking stage. This is the most critical stage as plagiarism is usually not deliberate as a writer might forget to reference the works they have referred to during the research. It is also valuable to differentiate between other person’s quotations and original thoughts and in case a quotation is copied, remembers to record all information that might be needed later on, if the quotations are included in the final work. This not only helps in avoiding plagiarism but also saves time that can be used in proofreading the work (Epigeum n.d.). In addition, the writer must properly proofread his work to remove any plagiarized words and sentences carelessly inserted into the paper. Finally, all other sentences and words in the paper that have been imported from other writers and that the writer fee ls they might compliment his work should be properly cited. It is vital to write a paper or an article in one’s own words to sustain originality and avoid plagiarizing previous works. Whenever two or more people come together to write a single piece then present the single article as their own individual work, this becomes a type of plagiarism known as collusion. Collusion may also include instances when a writer gets someone else to compose a piece in entirety or in parts and if the writer copies another writer’s work with the consent of the other writer. Allowing others to substantially edit, modify, or correct your work for presentation as individual work is also regarded as collusion that is forbidden and a form of academic dishonesty. Citation and Referencing The traditionally accepted way of acknowledging previous works done by others is by referencing which varies with universities or the disciplines of the subject matter. Before submitting or publishing work, i t is therefore important to first be knowledgeable of the type of referencing system that your university or subject-discipline uses. When a writer refers to a certain piece of published work, in the academic environment, the writer is said to have cited the piece, hence citation styles or referencing styles.

INDIVIDUAL MARKETING PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INDIVIDUAL MARKETING PLAN - Essay Example We also aim to expand our distribution through creation of online channels so that we can reach as many customers as we can. Our promotion strategy would also include providing extra benefits to our dealers so that we can achieve more shelf space. This plan will be implemented with overall budget around $ 400,000/ in first year and with its implementation, we intend to achieve an increase of 1% in our market share and have set a baseline of 10,000 units to be sold through our traditional network of dealers as well as online distribution. There are growing changes into the consumer preferences in terms of their preference for V8 Cars in Australia. There are many factors responsible for this change including rising oil prices; global credit crunch as well as increasing commodity prices however despite those key players in Australian Market witnessed slow but steady growth in V8 Market. 1 Muscle V8 cars are high powered cars mostly from American and Australian models. The most important characteristics of such types of cars is the fact that they are two door rear wheel cars and are considered as midsized cars with typical V8 engines. These cars were mostly used for street driving and in some cases for racing. Recent trends however suggest that new models have been developed particularly for racing purposes. The history of V8 Cars in Australia is one of the great achievements in terms of cars production of V8 model now run in millions. During last sixty years, GM Holden Ford has been two most important players in Australia who have dominated the market for V8 cars especially through a continuous process of improvements. This improvement, made according to the customer tastes and preferences, saw a shift in the design and use of V8 cars from just street cars to the V8 super cars for racing purposes. The typical romance for such types of cars is still on rise as

Lives of the Saints Essay Example for Free

Lives of the Saints Essay In Shakespeares Hamlet and Nino Ricci’s Lives of the Saints both demonstrate different visions of women. Comparing weak and indecisive women in Hamlet as to strong and independent women in Lives of the Saints. Ophelia in Hamlet is characterized many times as a weak women especially in the quote, â€Å"frailty thy name is woman.† She is completely dependent on her father and proves her dependence when she acts cruel to Hamlet. Which goes against her true feelings toward Hamlet. Afterwords Ophelia agrees to not see Hamlet anymore, â€Å" I shall obey my lord.† Which shows Polonious’s control over his daughter. Ophelia’s actions show that she will do anything to please her father, even making a personal sacrifice which she doesn’t agree with. Ophelia’s desire to please her father leads her to be used as a puppet in order for the King and Polonious to spy on Hamlet, Ophelia’s willingness to spy on a person she truly loves, shows her true nature toward her father. Even when Hamlet harasses Ophelia and tells her to go to a nunnery, Ophelia had the inability to defend herself. When her father passes on, Ophelia is left by herself, with no one to give her guidance. Instead of trying to move on with her life, she calls for her brother hoping he will have a plan for her, â€Å"My brother shall know of it and so I thank you for your good counsel.† Polonious’s was irreplaceable and finally Ophelia realizes this â€Å" I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died.†The significance of the violets are that they symbolize faithfulness and they all died because she felt useless without her father. Ophelia’s death is in result of her dependence and weakness of character.Overall, Ophelia goes mad because she has no position in society. Men have continuously ordered her around, used her, pulling her mind in every direction. She put her faith in one person and never made her own decisions. Similar to Ophelia is Gertrude. She is also characterized by the quote, â€Å"frailty thy name is woman.† Gertrude depends on her husband. Gertrude longing for the attention that she loses when her husband dies, quickly marries Claudius, her husbands brother. Shakespeare displays that women have no back bone and our weak. As if they could not live with out others, men especially. Nino Ricci demonstrates a whole different side of women, he shows that women are strong and independent. The character that illustrates these qualities is Cristina, she raised her child Vittorio alone. Unlike the women in Hamlet, Cristina didn’t need a man to help her raise her child or to get through life. When her son gets beat up at school, she doesnt just ignore it. She takes physical action about the situation Ill make her pay for this, Vittorio, youll see, by the blood of Christ Ill make her pay. The wiping at some tears in her own eyes, she took me suddenly by the hand and marched me out the door into the street. (107). Cristina is defiantly not a pushover and stands up for what she believes in. She lives in a village where the women stay at home and the men work out in the field and everyone believed in strange superstitions. Cristina was against her village’s expectations and went against what everyone thought. Cristina is outspoken and self-assured. She has a feminist point of view and is vey confident in it, she says â€Å" He’s probably slept with every whore in America by now, but for me its a disgrace. (154)†. Cristina is explaining about her husband Mario but it is also a statement in general about men. Guys can go around going from girl to girl to girl and its not a problem. But if a women were to do the same thing, even if it was just with one guy its an absolute disgrace. This book was based in 1960 and the same sentence could apply to 2012. Also has significance to the text because she had an affair and the whole town found out, which then they treated her with disgu st. Cristina also states â€Å"Women have had their faces up their asses for too long, they let their men run around like goats and then they’re happy if they don’t come home and beat them! (154)† It is demeaning that women are seen as whores when they have affairs, especially when its said by other women. They’re oppressing their own gender when saying it. She finally decides to move away and says her final words to the village â€Å" You are the ones who are dead,not me, because not one of you knows what it means to be free and to make a choice, and I pray to God that he wipes this town and all its stupidities off the face of the earth! (184)† Most women wouldn’t have spoke there mind, especially a woman like Ophelia or Gertrude. Cristina constantly fought with her father and always disagreed â€Å"Long arguments were carried on daily between kitchen and bedroom, tension hovering around.(154).† She finally got fed up with living with her father and hearing his opinion she said â€Å" Then to hell with all of you! I’ll go to Rome, Naples, anywhere.† She had the courage and strength to leave her father and start a life somewhere else, mean while Ophelia couldnt last a couple days with out her father and killed her self. Nino Ricci illustrates women to be outspoken, independent and powerful. In the end of each story both women characters die. The difference is the way they lived their life. Cristina at least lived her life, standing up for what she believe in and having her own opinion. As for Ophelia lived a lie, as she was a spineless imbecile always doing what others told her to do and had a pathetic death. Shakespeare and Nino Ricci may have very different vision on women but at the same time they are both very accurate views.

outbreak :: essays research papers

Filoviruses Viruses are microscopic intracellular parasites that can only reproduce within a host cell. Viruses lack the enzymes for the process of metabolism and contain no ribosomes or other parts to make their own proteins. The types of cells a virus can infect are limited to its host range. Filoviruses (Figure 1) belong to a virus family called Filoviridae and can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Filovirus virons appear in several shapes; these shapes are known as pleomorphism. They may either appear as long, often branched filaments, shorter filaments, or in a circle formation. The filaments can measure up to 14,000 nanometers in length, and have some have a diameter of up to 80 nanometers. Each is coated in a lipid membrane and contains a molecule of negative-sense RNA. Replication of filoviruses occurs through the production of buds on the surface of the host cell (See Figure 1). The two types of filoviruses that have been identified are the Marburg virus and Ebola virus. There are four different subtypes of the Ebola virus: Ivory Coast, Sudan, Zaire, and Reston. Ebola-Reston does not cause any severe disease conditions in humans it can however, be fatal within monkeys. Marburg The Marburg disease (Figure 2) was first seen in the August, 1967 in Marburg, Germany. Three workers that were employed by Behringwerke AG, a vaccine-producing branch from pharmaceutical company, Hoechst AG were suffering from muscle aches and mild fevers. The conditions the workers had were similar to characteristic of the flu, but it was strange to have the flu in the summer. They were then hospitalized. The following day they became nauseated. Their spleens became enlarged and their eyes became bloodshot. The demeanors grew morose but aggressive. In addition, the nurse and doctor who were taking care of the three patients became ill. By September 23, the number of patients suffering from this Marburg grew to 23. Two other outbreaks were occurring in Frankfurt and Yugoslavia. The people sick were also employees of pharmaceutical research or were in the field of patient care. Many people feared that this deadly virus was airborne. A great deal of mystery surrounded the illness since no one was aware of how it was transmitted, what an effective treatment might be, or how many more people could potentially get sick. Each patient exhibited the same symptoms and went through the same process before dying.